All that combines to leave many first-time-users wondering how to begin, and if they do begin, wondering whether the results they obtain are valid. However, there are important issues that can totally invalidate results, there are some annoying software bugs to avoid, many program capabilities are not immediately obvious, and the documentation is limited. It can model a wide range of antenna types, calculate radiation patterns, power gains, front-to-back ratios, feed impedances, bandwidths, the effects of loading inductors, capacitors and resistors, the effects of resonant traps, the effects of some types of transmission lines, and other things of interest to anyone interested in antennas. MMANA Antenna Modeling Program Tutorial, Part 1 A step-by-step inverted-coat-hanger antenna MMANA modeling program design example M MANA is a powerful antenna modeling program that is fascinating to experiment with.